Drug-Induced Cutaneous Reactions: A Clinically Oriented Review for Frontline Physicians

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are among the most frequently encountered adverse events in clinical practice and represent a significant source of morbidity and healthcare utilization. While many reactions are mild and self-limiting, delayed recognition of severe cutaneous adverse reactions can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. This review provides a clinically oriented overview of drug-induced cutaneous reactions with emphasis on early recognition, risk stratification, and management strategies relevant to frontline physicians. Drug-induced skin reactions encompass a broad clinical spectrum ranging from benign morbilliform eruptions to life-threatening conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Early identification, prompt discontinuation of the offending medication, and recognition of systemic involvement remain the most critical determinants of patient outcomes. A structured clinical approach based on temporal assessment, lesion morphology, and systemic evaluation can significantly improve outcomes and reduce progression to severe disease.