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Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers: A Systematic Review.
Elias Keyrouz1, Myriam Boueri2, Tatiana Akl1
1Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lebanese American University (LAU) Medical Center - Rizk Hospital, Beirut, LBN.
Cureus
|March 30, 2026
Summary
Progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) is a benign condition causing swollen lymph nodes. This review clarifies its features to help distinguish it from other lymphoproliferative disorders.
Area of Science:
- Histopathology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) is a benign lymphoproliferative condition.
- PTGC presents as persistent, painless lymphadenopathy.
- PTGC can mimic or coexist with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, posing diagnostic challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature on PTGC.
- To outline the clinical, pathological, and diagnostic features of PTGC.
- To identify research gaps for future clinical practice guidance.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Analysis of clinical presentations.
- Evaluation of pathological and diagnostic findings.
Main Results:
- PTGC is characterized by specific histopathological patterns.
- Clinical presentation typically involves painless lymphadenopathy.
- Diagnostic differentiation from other lymphoid disorders is crucial.
Conclusions:
- Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria for PTGC.
- Understanding PTGC's features aids in accurate diagnosis and patient management.
- Distinguishing PTGC from malignancies is essential for appropriate treatment pathways.
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