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Streaming Fluid Motion Within a Laterally Oscillating Sphere With Density Stratification.

D Kong1, S Zhang2, A Penkova3

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|March 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Density stratification in oscillating liquid spheres induces streaming motion. This study reveals two distinct streaming contributions, one in the bulk and one from the boundary layer, influencing the overall flow pattern.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Non-Newtonian fluid mechanics
  • Astrophysical fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Streaming motion in liquid-filled spheres is degenerate with constant density.
  • Density stratification, due to thermal or compositional gradients, is crucial for inducing streaming.
  • [Formula: see text]-jitter in spacecrafts is a known source of such oscillations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental problem of streaming motion in a liquid-filled sphere undergoing lateral oscillations.
  • To analyze the impact of density stratification on oscillatory flow.
  • To clarify the phenomenon by considering a constant volumetric heating source and isothermal walls.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of liquid-filled sphere undergoing high-frequency, small-amplitude lateral oscillations.
  • Treatment of oscillations as a perturbation to a stationary shell.
  • Mathematical modeling of fluid behavior under imposed boundary conditions.

Main Results:

  • Two steady streaming contributions were identified: one in the bulk liquid and another originating from the Stokes boundary layer.
  • The bulk streaming is atypical for incompressible liquids.
  • The interplay between these two contributions determines the final streaming pattern, forming two or four axially symmetric vortices.

Conclusions:

  • Density stratification fundamentally alters streaming motion in oscillating liquid spheres.
  • Both bulk and boundary-generated streaming are significant and cannot be disregarded, despite the asymptotic dominance of the bulk contribution.
  • The resulting vortex structures are a consequence of the competition between the two identified streaming mechanisms.