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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: A Systematic

Bryan Hao Wei Leow1, Claire Jing-Wen Tan1, Brian Sheng Yep Yeo2

  • 1Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|March 30, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is common in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Treating OSA, like with adenotonsillectomy, can improve ADHD symptoms, potentially reducing the need for long-term medication.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are prevalent in children.
  • OSA exacerbates ADHD symptoms through hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.
  • Treatments for OSA may improve ADHD symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between OSA and ADHD in children.
  • To synthesize evidence on the prevalence and impact of OSA in pediatric ADHD.
  • To evaluate treatment outcomes for OSA in children with ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS for longitudinal studies.
  • Data extraction and bias assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
  • Meta-analysis for pooled prevalence and descriptive review for other outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Pooled prevalence of OSA in children with ADHD was 44%.
  • Adenotonsillectomy for OSA significantly improved both OSA and ADHD symptoms.
  • This suggests adenotonsillectomy may complement pharmacological ADHD therapy.

Conclusions:

  • OSA and ADHD are closely related comorbid conditions in children.
  • Clinicians should consider concurrent OSA evaluation in children with ADHD.
  • This approach can guide treatment and potentially decrease reliance on long-term medication.
Abstract

Keywords:
adenotonsillectomyattention deficit hyperactivity disorderchildrenhyperactivityinattentionobstructive sleep apneapediatrics

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