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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Anelloviridae 2026
Simona Kraberger1, Tanja Opriessnig2, Fabrizio Maggi3
1The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA.
The Journal of General Virology
|March 30, 2026
Summary
Anelloviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes found in many animals. Most anelloviruses are not pathogenic, with exceptions in the Gyrovirus genus.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Structural Biology
Background:
- The family Anelloviridae comprises viruses with circular, negative-sense, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes.
- Anelloviruses assemble into non-enveloped icosahedral virions using the ORF1 protein, characterized by a single jelly-roll structural fold.
- These viruses have been detected across diverse avian and mammalian hosts, including humans.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the family Anelloviridae.
- To outline the taxonomic classification and characteristics of Anelloviridae.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of the official ICTV report on the Anelloviridae family.
- Analysis of genomic, structural, and host range data for Anelloviridae.
Main Results:
- Anelloviridae genomes range from 1.7-3.9 kilobases (kb).
- The ORF1 protein forms the virion structure, exhibiting a conserved single jelly-roll fold.
- Pathogenicity is generally absent, with Gyrovirus genus members being a notable exception.
Conclusions:
- Anelloviridae represents a distinct viral family with specific genomic and structural features.
- The ICTV report provides an authoritative classification and overview of this viral family.
- Further research may elucidate the ecological roles and potential host interactions of anelloviruses.
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