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Iatrogenic Alzheimer disease (iAD) can develop from contaminated human growth hormone treatments. This study found iAD patients exhibit Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology.
  • Human transmission of Aβ pathology has been observed, leading to iatrogenic forms.
  • Iatrogenic Alzheimer disease (iAD) has been linked to cadaveric pituitary-derived human growth hormone (c-hGH) contaminated with Aβ seeds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical and postmortem findings in iatrogenic Alzheimer disease (iAD).
  • To investigate the neuropathological characteristics of iAD in c-hGH recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Case series analysis of 4 c-hGH recipients referred to the UK National Prion Clinic.
  • Clinical assessments and postmortem examination were conducted.
  • Data analysis occurred between February and March 2025.

Main Results:

  • Four males developed dementia with onset between 47-60 years after childhood c-hGH treatment.
  • One patient showed severe tauopathy and neuropathological features of sporadic AD postmortem.
  • Three additional patients presented with prominent language involvement.

Conclusions:

  • Iatrogenic AD patients can exhibit histopathological findings similar to sporadic AD.
  • Prominent language impairment may be a key phenotypic feature of iAD.
  • This highlights the prion-like transmission of AD pathology via contaminated medical treatments.