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Semantic Prompt and Graph-Convolution-Structure Distillation Framework for Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing

Wujie Zhou, Jin Xie, Caie Xu

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
    |March 30, 2026
    PubMed
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    We introduce SPGSNet-S*, a novel framework for high-resolution remote sensing semantic segmentation. This compact model enhances multimodal features and uses dual knowledge distillation for superior performance with reduced computational cost.

    Area of Science:

    • Remote Sensing
    • Computer Vision
    • Deep Learning

    Background:

    • High-resolution remote sensing semantic segmentation is vital for land-use monitoring, urban planning, and disaster response.
    • Current deep learning models face challenges due to modality heterogeneity, fine-scale object structures, and high computational costs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a compact and effective architecture for remote sensing semantic segmentation.
    • To address challenges of modality heterogeneity and high computational cost in deep learning models.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a semantic prompt and graph-convolution-structure distillation framework (SPGSNet-S*).
    • Integrated multimodal feature enhancement with dual-path knowledge distillation (KD).
    • Designed auxiliary spatial feature extraction (ASFE) and RGB representation modules for feature alignment and fusion.

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  • Introduced graph-convolution-based structure distillation and semantic prompt distillation (SPD).
  • Main Results:

    • SPGSNet-S* achieves competitive performance on Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.
    • The model demonstrates high efficiency with only 8.89 M parameters and 2.29 G FLOPs.
    • Successfully fused noisy normalized digital surface model (nDSM) features with RGB imagery.

    Conclusions:

    • SPGSNet-S* offers an effective and computationally efficient solution for high-resolution remote sensing semantic segmentation.
    • The proposed framework demonstrates the potential of integrating multimodal feature enhancement and dual knowledge distillation.
    • Publicly available code facilitates reproducibility and further research.