Blood in semen as a clue: a case of persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome

A 21-year-old man presented with blood in his semen and was diagnosed with Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS). This rare genetic condition occurs due to insufficient Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) production or AMH insensitivity, resulting in the presence of female internal organs in genetically male individuals. PMDS is often discovered incidentally during surgery for undescended testes or infertility treatment. A variety of imaging techniques, including MRI, can assist in diagnosing PMDS. The condition poses an increased risk of malignancy in both the testes and Müllerian structures. Treatment generally involves the surgical removal of Müllerian remnants, often through laparoscopy.