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Executive Function in Left-Handed Young Adults: Evidence From the Trail Making Test.

Yun-Nien Chen1,2, Ling-Fu Meng3,4, Ching-I Wang3

  • 1PhD Program Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|March 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Left-handed individuals showed poorer switching abilities in executive function tasks compared to right-handers. This suggests potential cognitive and motor factors disadvantage left-handers in certain environments.

Keywords:
executive functionhandednessleft-handedswitchingtrail making test

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Left-handedness may present challenges in right-hand-oriented environments, potentially impacting executive function.
  • Executive function, particularly switching ability, is crucial for adapting to environmental changes.
  • Previous research on left-handers' executive function is inconsistent, often lacking control for confounding variables.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate executive function differences between left- and right-handed individuals.
  • To control for confounding factors like attention, sequencing, and motor processes in handedness research.
  • To specifically assess switching ability as a key component of executive function.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a cross-sectional comparative research design.
  • Recruited 25 right-handed and 26 left-handed participants.
  • Utilized the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Trail Making Test (TMT) for assessment.

Main Results:

  • Right-handed participants made fewer sequencing errors on TMT Condition 4 than left-handed participants.
  • Left-handers exhibited higher error rates, indicating potential disadvantages in switching ability.
  • Left-handed individuals were more prone to specific number and letter sequencing errors.

Conclusions:

  • Left-handed participants demonstrated relatively disadvantaged switching abilities in the tested conditions.
  • Findings suggest that cognitive and motor factors interact to influence left-handers' performance.
  • The study highlights the complexity of executive function differences related to handedness.