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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Sphenoid Ridge in Trisomy 21: A CT-Based Morphometric Evaluation.

Abdulaziz Yalinkiliç1, Abdulmutalip Karaaslanli2, Burhan Beger3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yil University.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|March 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) exhibit distinct sphenoid ridge (SR) morphology, including a narrower anterior fossa and shallower middle fossa compared to controls.

Keywords:
Computed tomographyTrisomy 21down syndromelesser wingsphenoid ridge

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Area of Science:

  • Craniomaxillofacial anatomy
  • Genetics
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • The sphenoid ridge (SR) is a key anatomical landmark influencing cranial base morphology.
  • Variations in SR morphology can be associated with genetic syndromes and affect cranial development.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for diagnosing and managing associated conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify differences in sphenoid ridge (SR) morphology between individuals with trisomy 21 (T21) and healthy controls.
  • To determine if specific SR measurements correlate with the cranial base alterations observed in T21.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans from 45 individuals with T21 and 45 healthy controls were analyzed.
  • Key SR measurements included length (LSR), angle (ASR), lateral tip width (WL), and midline width (WML).
  • ASR was further classified into types A, B, and C based on angular values.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with T21 showed significantly smaller LSR (P<0.001) and ASR (P=0.039) compared to controls.
  • WML was significantly greater in the T21 group (P=0.019), indicating a wider midline.
  • WL showed no significant difference between groups (P=0.812), while ASR classification did not significantly differ.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced LSR and ASR in T21 patients suggest a narrower anterior cranial fossa and a shallower middle cranial fossa.
  • These morphological differences in the sphenoid ridge are significant indicators of cranial base abnormalities in trisomy 21.
  • SR morphology analysis provides valuable insights into the skeletal characteristics associated with Down syndrome.