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Risk Factors for Pediatric Alopecia Areata: Clinical and Biochemical Findings from a Case - Control Study

Seçil Yigen İritaş1

  • 1Pendik State Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey.

Dermatology Practical & Conceptual
|March 30, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric alopecia areata (AA) is linked to higher rates of vitiligo, asthma, and ADHD. Lower levels of vitamin B12 and ferritin are significant risk factors in children with this immune-mediated hair loss condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated, non-scarring hair loss disorder that can affect children.
  • Limited data exists on comorbidities and biochemical risk factors in pediatric AA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical comorbidities and biochemical parameters in pediatric patients with AA versus healthy controls.
  • Identify independent predictors of pediatric AA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, matched case-control study of 200 pediatric AA patients and 400 healthy controls.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics, comorbidities, hemoglobin, ferritin, vitamin B12, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
  • Multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors.

Main Results:

  • Vitiligo, allergic asthma, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were more frequent in pediatric AA patients.
  • Significantly lower serum vitamin B12 and ferritin levels were observed in the AA group.
  • Lower TSH levels were also noted in pediatric AA patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric AA is associated with specific comorbidities including vitiligo, asthma, and ADHD.
  • Reduced levels of ferritin, vitamin B12, and TSH are linked to pediatric AA.
  • Comprehensive clinical and biochemical evaluation is crucial for managing pediatric AA.
Abstract

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