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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
Published on: August 7, 2018
Justine Bidard1, Marc Szadkowski2,3, Nori Elhadjene4
1Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
Full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) effectively treats upper lumbar disc herniation (ULDH), yielding outcomes comparable to lower lumbar disc herniation (LLDH). This minimally invasive approach offers significant pain relief and functional improvement for ULDH patients.
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