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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

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Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Ischemic Stroke and Mitral Annular Caseous Calcification: A Neglected Embolic Risk in Cardio-Neurological Interface?

Ezgi Yilmaz1, Selin A Duzgun2, Ethem M Arsava1

  • 1Departments of Neurology.

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Caseous mitral annulus calcification (MAC) is more prevalent in stroke patients. This condition significantly increases stroke risk, suggesting it may be a cause of embolic stroke.

Keywords:
calcified granulomacryptogenicischemic strokeliquefactive necrosismitral valve functiontumor

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Caseous mitral annulus calcification (MAC) is linked to stroke and embolism.
  • Cardiac CT is used to detect caseous MAC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess caseous MAC prevalence in acute stroke patients using cardiac CT.
  • Identify factors associated with caseous MAC occurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case-control study.
  • Included 149 acute ischemic stroke patients with cardiac CT, 300 without cardiac CT, and 268 controls.
  • Propensity matching and regression models were used.

Main Results:

  • Caseous MAC detected in 5.4% of stroke patients vs. 1.1% in controls (P=0.02).
  • Caseous MAC independently increased stroke risk 7.57- to 10.81-fold (P=0.011).

Conclusions:

  • Caseous mitral annulus calcific granuloma may cause embolic stroke.
  • Further multicenter studies are needed for validation.