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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

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Measuring Spectrotemporal Sensitivity in Cochlear Implant Users With a Reaction-Time Paradigm: A Comparison of Two

Elisabeth Noordanus1, Lucas H M Mens2, Josef Chalupper3

  • 1Section Neurophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Trends in Hearing
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study shows reaction times reliably measure spectrotemporal sensitivity in cochlear implant (CI) users across different testing methods. This supports using reaction times for clinical and research applications in CI users.

Keywords:
App-based assessmentLATER modelauditory psychophysicscochlear implantmodulation transfer functionobjective outcome measurereaction timespectrotemporal modulationspeech in noisesuprathreshold testing

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cochlear implants (CI) aim to restore hearing but require precise assessment of auditory processing.
  • Spectrotemporal modulation sensitivity is crucial for speech perception in noisy environments for CI users.
  • Current methods for assessing sensitivity can be time-consuming and may not reflect real-world listening conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate two reaction-time (RT) based implementations for assessing spectrotemporal modulation sensitivity in unilateral CI users.
  • To determine the robustness and consistency of RT measurements across different testing setups (smartphone app vs. laptop).
  • To investigate the correlation between spectrotemporal sensitivity measured by RT and speech-in-noise perception.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty unilateral CI users participated in the study.
  • Two RT paradigms were used: a smartphone app with wireless streaming and a laptop with free-field presentation.
  • Participants responded to unpredictable broadband and narrowband spectrotemporal modulations in noise; speech-in-noise perception was assessed using a matrix test.

Main Results:

  • RT measurements demonstrated strong within-participant consistency across both implementations, indicating robustness over time and across setups.
  • Individual differences in spectrotemporal sensitivity were consistent between the app and laptop methods.
  • RTs correlated significantly with speech-in-noise scores, particularly for modulations relevant to speech (e.g., spectral densities of 0.25-0.5 cycles/octave and temporal rates up to 16 Hz).

Conclusions:

  • Reaction-time paradigms offer a reliable and efficient method for assessing spectrotemporal modulation sensitivity in CI users.
  • The smartphone app implementation provides a viable, accessible alternative to traditional lab-based setups.
  • RT-based measures of spectrotemporal sensitivity are relevant to real-world speech understanding in CI users.