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Moderate Intermediate Adsorption Boosts Electrocatalytic C─N Coupling via Coordination Engineering.

Kefan Zhang¹, Peilian Hou¹, Yuyan Liu²

¹State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, International Joint Lab of Energy Electrochemistry of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|March 31, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances urea synthesis by tuning copper

Keywords:

C─N coupling coordination engineering electrocatalysis urea synthesis volcano‐type relationship

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Area of Science:

Electrocatalysis
Materials Science
Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis from CO2 and nitrate is a sustainable process.
Efficient C-N coupling between CO and NO intermediates is crucial but challenging.
Controlling intermediate adsorption and reaction pathways is key for high efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of copper's coordination number (CN) in electrocatalytic urea synthesis.
To develop an optimized catalyst for efficient urea production.
To demonstrate coordination engineering as a strategy for C-N coupling.

Main Methods:

Computational modeling to understand Cu coordination and intermediate adsorption.
Synthesis and characterization of Cu-Ga alloy catalysts.
Electrochemical testing to evaluate urea yield rate and Faradaic efficiency.

Main Results:

Copper's coordination number inversely regulates *CO and *NO adsorption.
C-N coupling activity exhibits a volcano-type relationship with Cu CN.
Optimized Cu0.875Ga0.115 catalyst achieved a urea yield rate of 575.6 mmol h-1 g-1 and 30.4% Faradaic efficiency.
A moderate CN of 9.3 balanced adsorption and coupling activity.

Conclusions:

Coordination engineering effectively tunes intermediate adsorption and C-N coupling for urea synthesis.
Alloying copper with gallium offers a promising strategy for catalyst design.
The study provides insights into optimizing electrocatalytic processes for sustainable chemical production.