[Effect of mitochondrial quality control on osteoclast differentiation and its research progress in oral diseases]

Osteoclasts are the key cells in bone tissue that regulate bone resorption, and their homeostasis is crucial for maintaining the homeostasis of the oral and maxillofacial bone tissue. Mitochondria, known as the "powerhouses" of the cell, not only affect cellular energy supply but also modulate the levels of reactive oxygen species, thus becoming one of the key factors regulating osteoclast differentiation and maturation. This review elucidates the critical function and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control in osteoclasts, with a focus on how mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and degradation are involved in differentiation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. It also discusses the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and pathological processes such as oral bone defects and periodontal disease, providing theoretical insights for developing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies in oral bone disorders.