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Temporal Patterns of Skin-Fixed Depth Electrodes During Stereotactic Electroencephalography Recording.

Takayuki Kikuchi1, Masahiro Sawada1, Ai Demura2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, JPN.

Cureus
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Skin fixation for stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes shows significantly more dislocation than anchor bolts. While generally safe, this migration requires careful consideration for accurate epilepsy diagnosis.

Keywords:
cone-beam computed tomographyelectrode dislocationepilepsy surgeryskin swellingstereotactic electroencephalography

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) is vital for refractory epilepsy evaluation.
  • Anchor bolts are standard for SEEG electrode fixation, but cost and technical issues prompt alternatives like skin fixation.
  • Limited data exists on how fixation methods impact electrode stability during SEEG recordings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal pattern of depth electrode dislocation with skin fixation compared to anchor bolt fixation.
  • To quantify electrode migration in both fixation groups during SEEG monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study evaluating electrode dislocation in SEEG procedures.
  • Analyzed 41 electrodes (anchor bolt group) and 66 electrodes (skin fixation group) across nine patients.
  • Measured longitudinal and lateral electrode displacement over time.

Main Results:

  • Skin fixation resulted in significantly greater mean cumulative longitudinal migration (4.34 mm) versus anchor bolts (0.16 mm) (p < 0.0001).
  • Most migration occurred during the bilateral implantation procedure in the skin fixation group.
  • Mean lateral shift was 0.87 mm in the skin fixation group; no migration-related complications were reported.

Conclusions:

  • Skin fixation of SEEG electrodes presents a higher risk of dislocation compared to anchor bolts.
  • While clinical complications are rare, careful attention to fixation is needed for accurate anatomo-electrophysiological interpretation in epilepsy patients.
  • This study highlights the importance of monitoring electrode stability with different fixation methods.