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Related Concept Videos

Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia
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Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia

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Sustainable Anaesthesia: How to Make a Difference.

Lucy Brooks1,2, Li Fang1,3, Mary Elizabeth Slingo1,4

  • 1Environmental Advisory Group, Royal College of Anaesthetists, WC1R 4SG London, UK.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthcare contributes to climate change, but sustainable practices can mitigate this impact. Empowering patients and optimizing care delivery are key to reducing the environmental footprint of healthcare.

Keywords:
anaesthesiacarbon footprintenvironmental impactsenvironmentalism

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Climate change poses significant risks to human health.
  • The healthcare sector is a notable contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide.
  • Mitigation opportunities exist throughout the patient care pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To guide clinicians and healthcare organizations in implementing sustainable healthcare practices.
  • To emphasize the role of anaesthetists in reducing the environmental impact of healthcare.
  • To highlight strategies for reducing healthcare's carbon footprint, focusing on UK anaesthetic practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current healthcare practices and their environmental impact.
  • Analysis of mitigation opportunities across the patient journey.
  • Focus on principles of sustainable healthcare, including patient empowerment and health promotion.
  • Examination of specific roles and guidance for anaesthetists.

Main Results:

  • Healthcare activities, from patient admission to treatment, generate substantial carbon dioxide emissions.
  • Sustainable healthcare principles, such as preventative care and efficient resource use, can significantly reduce environmental impact.
  • Clinicians, especially anaesthetists, can contribute through improved climate literacy, sustainable techniques, and waste reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Adopting sustainable healthcare is crucial for mitigating climate change.
  • Patient empowerment, health promotion, and high-quality, efficient care delivery are vital for reducing healthcare's environmental burden.
  • Specific actions within anaesthetic practice can lead to significant environmental benefits.