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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Neoadjuvant Therapies for Thyroid Cancer: A Scoping Review.

Ava Herzog1, Ishan Patel1, Kara Leyden2

  • 1Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.

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|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Neoadjuvant therapy can improve surgical outcomes for unresectable thyroid cancers. This review found that neoadjuvant treatments led to significant tumor response and increased rates of complete surgical resection in patients with advanced thyroid cancer.

Keywords:
anaplastic thyroid carcinomadifferentiated thyroid cancerneoadjuvant therapysurgical resectionunresectable thyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Molecular Oncology

Background:

  • Surgery is the primary treatment for most thyroid cancers, but unresectable types like anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) have high mortality.
  • Neoadjuvant therapies (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation) are explored to enhance resectability in these challenging cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy in improving surgical resectability for unresectable thyroid cancers.
  • To analyze outcomes of neoadjuvant treatment in patients with various thyroid cancer subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Data from 87 English-language studies, including patient demographics, neoadjuvant regimens, surgical interventions, and outcomes, were extracted and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Individual patient data from 122 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), ATC, and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) were analyzed.
  • Lenvatinib and BRAF/MEK inhibitors were common targeted therapies. Post-neoadjuvant therapy, 64% showed partial response and 10% complete response, with 51% achieving R0 resection.

Conclusions:

  • Neoadjuvant therapy demonstrates potential in increasing resectability for unresectable and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers.
  • Further research is needed to optimize neoadjuvant therapy selection, timing, and dosing, and to assess long-term survival and patient-reported outcomes.