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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...

Drug Toxicity: Overview

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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

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Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

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Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Published on: August 24, 2011

Case 345: Methanol Poisoning.

Ajay Malhotra¹, Mihran Khdhir¹

¹Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Box 208042, Tompkins East 2, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520.

|March 31, 2026

Summary

This case highlights a severe metabolic acidosis in a patient with altered mental status after heavy alcohol consumption. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Toxicology
Emergency Medicine

Background:

A 64-year-old male presented with unresponsiveness and confusion after excessive alcohol intake.
Initial assessment revealed hypoxemia and significant metabolic derangements.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a case of severe metabolic acidosis with altered mental status.
To discuss the diagnostic challenges and imaging findings in alcohol-related emergencies.

Main Methods:

Clinical presentation and laboratory findings including arterial blood gas, lactate, creatinine, and glucose levels.
Neuroimaging including noncontrast head CT, CT angiography, and brain MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging, FLAIR, and SWI sequences.

Main Results:

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Arterial blood gas analysis showed severe acidemia (pH 6.86) with elevated anion gap (28 mmol/L) and lactate (7.8 mmol/L).
Elevated creatinine and blood glucose levels were noted. Initial CT scans were normal.
Brain MRI revealed findings consistent with the clinical presentation, although specific details are not provided in the abstract.

Conclusions:

Heavy alcohol intake can precipitate severe metabolic complications requiring urgent medical attention.
Advanced neuroimaging like MRI is valuable in evaluating unresponsive patients with metabolic derangements.