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Protistan Predators Outshine Fungi in Forest Soil Activity.

Longfei Kang1,2, Kenneth Dumack1,3

  • 1Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.

The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Shell-bearing amoebae, Arcellinida, are the most abundant eukaryotes in forest soils, not fungi. Soil pH and Arcellinida abundance significantly influence eukaryotic community composition and microbial interactions.

Keywords:
Arcellinidaforest soil ecosystemsmetatranscriptomicsmicrobial communitiesmicrobial ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Fungal communities are well-studied in forest soils, but overall eukaryotic diversity remains poorly understood.
  • Traditional sequencing methods introduce biases, complicating accurate microbial community assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze eukaryotic diversity in forest soils using metatranscriptomic data.
  • To identify key drivers of eukaryotic community composition and their ecological roles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a public metatranscriptomic dataset from 51 forest soil samples across Canada, France, Spain, and Sweden.
  • Analyzed eukaryotic community composition and correlated it with environmental factors like soil pH.

Main Results:

  • Arcellinida (shell-bearing amoebae) were the most abundant eukaryotic taxon (12.6% relative abundance), challenging the dominance of fungi.
  • Arcellinida and soil pH were identified as significant drivers of eukaryotic community structure.
  • Arcellinida's abundance suggests a substantial impact on microbial communities through predation.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryotic communities in forest soils are more diverse than previously thought, with Arcellinida playing a key role.
  • Soil pH and Arcellinida abundance are critical factors shaping forest soil eukaryotic communities.
  • Further research on Arcellinida predation dynamics is needed to understand forest soil microbial networks.