Flood Risk Mapping and Adaptive Sustainability Assessment for Ecological Resilience in Kampar Regency, Indonesia

The destruction of riparian vegetation and loss of buffer zones reduce infiltration, water retention, and sediment regulation. The weakening of these ecosystem services increases flood intensity and duration. The purpose of this study is to integrate spatial hazard mapping with sustainability assessment to identify critical zones of exposure and evaluate the adaptive resilience of communities. By applying the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) Risk Assessment Framework and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), the study not only maps flood hazards but also quantifies resilience through indices of population adaptation, health adaptation, awareness, and social capital. The research was conducted in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia, an area highly vulnerable to recurrent flooding due to lowland topography, dense river networks, land degradation, and rapid wetland conversion into settlements. Flood risk analysis integrated Hazard (H) and Vulnerability (V) indicators into a composite Flood Risk Index (FRI), while MDS assessed sustainability across four adaptation dimensions. The results indicate that 124,646.05 ha of Kampar Regency are classified as high-risk zones. The largest high-risk extents occur in Tapung Hulu (20,795.77 ha), Tapung (16,574.36 ha), TapungHilir (14,988.19 ha), Tambang (11,305.31 ha), and Siak Hulu (10,756.93 ha). Moreover, MDS analysis shows adaptive sustainability is moderately sustainable (index 53.4), with Social Capital performing strongest (61.8), while Health (47.5) and Education (45.9) remain weaker. In conclusion, flood disasters in Kampar Regency are socio-ecological challenges requiring ecological restoration, structural adaptation, and strengthened community-based resilience toward climate-resilient villages.