Diffuse Hepatic, Splenic, and Osseous Activity Due to Multiple Myeloma.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nuclear Medicine
• Radiology

Background:

• Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder.
• Extramedullary disease (EMD) in MM, particularly involving the liver and spleen, is uncommon.
• Diffuse hepatic and splenic infiltration presents diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging characteristics of a rare case of multiple myeloma with diffuse extramedullary infiltration of the liver and spleen.
• To highlight the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing extensive EMD in multiple myeloma.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of a 53-year-old male patient with a history of eyelid swelling.
• Utilized 18F-FDG PET/CT for diagnostic imaging.
• Histopathological confirmation of multiple myeloma with hepatic and splenic involvement.

Main Results:

• 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated diffuse, intense radiotracer uptake throughout the bone marrow.
• Significant 18F-FDG uptake was observed in the liver and spleen, indicative of diffuse infiltration.
• Diagnosis of multiple myeloma with hepatic and splenic involvement was confirmed.

Conclusions:

• 18F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool for detecting and characterizing extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma.
• Diffuse hepatic and splenic infiltration by MM, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
• Early diagnosis through advanced imaging aids in appropriate patient management.