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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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The correlation between a drug's dosage and its impact on a biological system is a cornerstone of pharmacology and toxicology. Conventional dose–response curves, which include graded and quantal relationships, are key to this understanding. Graded dose–response curves depict the spectrum of a biological reaction to different doses within an individual, indicating that as the drug dosage increases, so does the intensity of the response. On the other hand, quantal dose–response...
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Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

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Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
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Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
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Species Dependent Toxicity Comparison Outcome.

Lian Xiao1,2, Zhan Yu3, Sihang Liu4

  • 1School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Toxicity rankings of perovskite materials can reverse between species like mice and rabbits. This highlights how animal species significantly impact material toxicity assessments, influencing safer technology development.

Keywords:
biosafeperovskitetoxicity comparisontoxicity evaluationtoxicity mechanism

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Material selection relies on accurate toxicity comparisons for developing safe and eco-friendly technologies.
  • Understanding interspecies toxicity variations is critical for reliable material risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of reversed toxicity rankings between lead and tin perovskites when changing animal species.
  • To quantitatively compare toxicity responses across different species and material compositions.

Main Methods:

  • Macroscopic toxicity assessments including body weight, organ index, and blood biochemistry.
  • Molecular-level analysis using transcriptomic alterations to identify gene and pathway responses.
  • Comparative analysis of toxicity data between mice and rabbits exposed to lead and tin perovskites.

Main Results:

  • The relative toxicity ranking of lead versus tin perovskites reversed between mice and rabbits.
  • Species variation induced greater toxicity differences than compositional variation.
  • Tin-based perovskites showed higher sensitivity to species-specific responses compared to lead-based ones.
  • Limited overlap in damaged genes and pathways between mice and rabbits explained significant interspecies toxicity differences.

Conclusions:

  • Species-dependent biomolecular responses fundamentally influence toxicity comparison outcomes.
  • Toxicity assessments must account for interspecies variations, especially for novel materials like perovskites.
  • Findings provide crucial insights for material selection in diverse applications, prioritizing safety and environmental impact.