Benralizumab versus placebo for hypereosinophilic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

Benralizumab, an eosinophil-depleting anti-IL-5 receptor α antibody, has demonstrated efficacy in severe eosinophilic asthma and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and shown promising results in hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). NATRON was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of benralizumab in FIP1L1::PDGFRA-negative HES. The primary endpoint was time to first HES flare. In total, 133 patients (median (range) age 51 (14-87) years, 62% female) were randomized (1:1) to receive benralizumab 30 mg every 4 weeks or placebo for 24 weeks, in addition to background therapy. Benralizumab significantly reduced the risk of first flare versus placebo (hazard ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.69, P = 0.0024). Adverse events occurred in 64.2% and 66.7% of benralizumab- and placebo-treated patients, respectively. Benralizumab's safety was consistent with its known profile. These results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of add-on benralizumab in the treatment of HES. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04191304 .