Overview of the Roles of ADAMTS1 in Ovarian Biology

A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, 1 (ADAMTS1) is a metalloproteinase essential for ovarian follicle development and ovulation. It is also involved in organizing vascular and lymphatic networks within ovary. ADAMTS1 is expressed by granulosa cells in ovarian follicles, and its expression and function are regulated by gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. This enzyme cleaves extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to remodel the ECM and provide the necessary space for the growing ovarian follicles. ADAMTS1 is also essential for breaking down the follicular wall by cleaving proteoglycans, thereby releasing oocytes during ovulation. Loss of ADAMTS1 impairs remodeling of the ECM and decreases ovulation in mice. Dysregulation of ADAMTS1 is also linked to pathological conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian failure, highlighting the precise activity of this enzyme. This chapter discusses the known and potential functions of ADAMTS1 in ovarian biology.