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Hamstring Mechanics During Acceleration, Deceleration and Sidestep Cutting.

Nikolai Steventon-Lorenzen1,2, Emily Fitzwilliam1,2,3, Anthony G Schache4

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Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) are common in sports. This study investigated hamstring mechanics during acceleration, deceleration, and cutting, finding deceleration causes the most stretch, while force and work demands vary by hamstring and movement.

Keywords:
biomechanicshamstring strain injurymusculoskeletal modelingrunning

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) are prevalent in field sports, often occurring during acceleration, deceleration, or cutting.
  • Previous musculoskeletal modeling focused on steady-state running, neglecting critical injury mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomechanical demands on the biarticular hamstrings during acceleration, deceleration, and sidestep cutting.
  • To quantify musculotendinous (MTU) force, stretch, and work during these common athletic movements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D motion analysis, ground reaction force, and electromyography data from 20 recreationally active adults.
  • Applied musculoskeletal modeling to calculate MTU force, stretch, and work during specified tasks.

Main Results:

  • Peak musculotendinous (MTU) force varied by hamstring: biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus during acceleration, semitendinosus during deceleration.
  • Deceleration imposed the highest peak stretch demand (10.9%–13.7%) across all hamstrings.
  • Greatest negative work varied: biceps femoris long head during acceleration/sidestep cutting, semimembranosus during sidestep cutting, semitendinosus during deceleration.

Conclusions:

  • Acceleration, deceleration, and sidestep cutting place significant biomechanical stress on the hamstrings.
  • Deceleration is the primary driver of hamstring stretch, while kinetic demands (force, negative work) are specific to the hamstring muscle and movement type.
  • Findings can inform the development of targeted HSI prevention and return-to-sport protocols.