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Related Concept Videos

Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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Updated: Apr 2, 2026

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Three-Dimensional Stretchable Tactile Sensors for Robotic Bionic Skin.

Hongwei Xie1,2, Zhenlong Huang1,2, Dong Cheng2

  • 1School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel 3D fabrication method for stretchable tactile sensors, creating biomimetic robotic skin. This scalable approach enhances robotic sensing capabilities for complex applications.

Keywords:
3D tactile sensorbiomimetic structuredeep learninglaser direct writingrobotic bionic skin

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetics

Background:

  • Stretchable tactile sensors are crucial for robotic skin but face limitations with complex geometries and scalable fabrication.
  • Conventional methods like transfer printing struggle with 3D integration and large-scale production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel 3D fabrication strategy for directly constructing stretchable tactile sensor arrays on 3D substrates.
  • To overcome the limitations of 2D planar integration and enable scalable 3D sensor fabrication for advanced robotic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of 3D printing, material innovation, and laser direct writing.
  • Development of a biomimetic structure inspired by crocodile skin's 3D folded epidermis.
  • Fabrication of multilayer interconnections directly on 3D substrates.

Main Results:

  • High responsiveness demonstrated with an amplitude response time < 0.5 ms and max operating frequency of 473.33 Hz.
  • Achieved a frequency resolution of 0.35 Hz and angular resolution of 1°.
  • Successfully integrated 900 sensors on a sub-meter-scale film, reaching 100% accuracy in deep learning-based complex pattern recognition.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 3D fabrication strategy enables a transition from 2D to scalable 3D manufacturing of tactile sensors.
  • The biomimetic sensor arrays offer performance advantages for next-generation robotic bionic skin and intelligent sensing systems.