Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

2.3K
Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
2.3K
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

4.5K
The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
4.5K
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

1.1K
Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
1.1K
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

5.6K
During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...
5.6K
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

698
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
698
Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

2.0K
The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Metabolic Indices and Microvascular Complications.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Association Between Anthropometric Indices and Presence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Obesity.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2026
Same author

Metacrinology.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association·2026
Same author

Ocular Abnormalities in Children with Beta Thalassemia Major at a Tertiary Care Center.

Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of semaglutide injection in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin: a phase 3, randomized, active-controlled trial (SIZE-DM study).

Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports·2026
Same author

Designer Aromatic Cations for Photoinduced Protein Ligation, Imaging, and Intracellular Labeling at Extended Wavelengths.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
09:40

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: June 20, 2018

18.8K

Approach to Renal Tubular Acidosis - A Review.

Sambit Das1, Vishal Agarwal1, Thomas V Paul2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|April 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) involves kidney dysfunction in acid-base balance, leading to metabolic acidosis. This review details RTA types, pathophysiology, and management strategies for effective patient care.

Keywords:
Distal renal tubular acidosishyperkalaemic RTAproximal renal tubular acidosisrenal tubular acidosis

More Related Videos

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
06:23

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

665
Isolation of Primary Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells and Their Use in Creating a Microphysiological Model of the Renal Proximal Tubule
07:06

Isolation of Primary Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells and Their Use in Creating a Microphysiological Model of the Renal Proximal Tubule

Published on: May 9, 2025

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
09:40

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: June 20, 2018

18.8K
Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
06:23

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

665
Isolation of Primary Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells and Their Use in Creating a Microphysiological Model of the Renal Proximal Tubule
07:06

Isolation of Primary Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells and Their Use in Creating a Microphysiological Model of the Renal Proximal Tubule

Published on: May 9, 2025

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Acid-Base Physiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Acid-base homeostasis is crucial for physiological function, maintained by renal and respiratory systems.
  • Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) arises from impaired renal tubule function in acid excretion or bicarbonate reabsorption.
  • RTA presents as normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with hyperchloremia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the different types of renal tubular acidosis (RTA).
  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of various RTA subtypes.
  • To provide a systematic approach to diagnosing and managing RTA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RTA.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentations for RTA types.
  • Synthesis of management guidelines for RTA.

Main Results:

  • RTA encompasses several types (1-4) with distinct defects in urinary acidification or bicarbonate handling.
  • Type 1 RTA involves urinary acidification defects.
  • Type 2 RTA is characterized by proximal tubule bicarbonate handling defects.
  • Type 4 RTA is associated with hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding RTA subtypes and their pathophysiology is key for accurate diagnosis.
  • A systematic approach aids in identifying and managing RTA effectively.
  • This review provides a comprehensive guide for clinicians encountering RTA cases.