Challenges in the standardization of innate immune status assessment

The initial defense against pathogens is the innate immunity, which is characterized by rapidity and the broad-spectrum operation that facilitates the rapid identification and removal of the invasion by microorganisms. The determination of innate immune status is a methodological approach to assessing the strength of innate immune defense and has been extensively utilized in vaccine development, disease surveillance, clinical stratification, and postoperative recovery. Nevertheless, discrepancies in indicator purposes, methodologies, and references are currently seen where quantitative judgments cannot rely on and be consistent. Hence, methodological innovation and analysis technologies need to be developed, and a standardized approach and common criteria should be created to address the increasing clinical and research needs of quantitative assessment. In the framework of human health and clinical practice, the given work gives a concise review of the key inadequacies of current approaches to innate immune evaluation, incorporates the modifications into the current assessment criteria, explains the drawbacks of modern technologies, and suggests an evaluation scheme involving many parameters to facilitate the standardization and quantification of the assessment of the innate immune status.