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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 2, 2026

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Questionable necessity effects on suicidal ideation: a commentary on.

Kimmo Sorjonen1, Bo Melin1, Marika Melin1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

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|April 1, 2026
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Summary

Necessary condition analysis (NCA) findings on suicidal ideation may be spurious. Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonging effects on suicidal ideation fell within the range of spuriousness, challenging necessity claims.

Keywords:
analytic rigormental healthnecessary condition analysis (NCA)spurious effectssuicidal ideation

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Mental Health Research
  • Statistical Methodology

Background:

  • Marchetti et al. advocated for Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) in mental health research.
  • They reported significant necessity effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonging on suicidal ideation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To scrutinize the findings and conclusions of Marchetti et al. regarding NCA.
  • To assess whether necessity effects in NCA can be explained by correlations and potential confounding variables.

Main Methods:

  • Estimation of "ranges of spuriousness" (95% confidence intervals for necessity effects).
  • Evaluation of necessity effects against expected spuriousness due to variable correlations.
  • Analysis of potential confounding impacts by third variables (Z).

Main Results:

  • The necessity effects reported by Marchetti et al. fell within the calculated ranges of spuriousness.
  • These effects could be accounted for by the correlations between suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belonging.
  • The findings challenge the conclusion that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonging are necessary for suicidal ideation.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights severe limitations of NCA, particularly regarding the interpretation of necessity effects.
  • Researchers using NCA should be aware of potential spuriousness.
  • It is recommended to estimate ranges of spuriousness and require necessity effects to exceed this range before concluding necessity.