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Parental violent offending and offspring suicidal behavior: a nationwide register-based study
Aurora Järvinen1,2, Seena Fazel3, Ralf Kuja-Halkola2
1Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, https://ror.org/040af2s02University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Psychological Medicine
|April 1, 2026
Summary
Children of parents with violent convictions face a significantly higher risk of suicidal behavior. This risk increases with the number of parental convictions and is influenced by genetic factors and accumulated family adversities.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Psychiatry
- Developmental Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Parental violent offending is linked to offspring suicidal behavior.
- Understanding this risk is crucial for targeted identification and support.
- This study focuses on offspring of parents with violent convictions.
Purpose of the Study:
- Examine suicidal behavior risk in offspring of parents with violent convictions.
- Identify high-risk subgroups within this population.
- Investigate factors influencing this association, including genetics and family environment.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Swedish nationwide registers (1977-2020) covering 2,956,465 individuals.
- Analyzed suicidal behavior risk based on parental violent conviction status (none, one, or both).
- Explored risk factors like parental psychiatric disorders, co-residence, and conducted children-of-siblings analyses.
Main Results:
- Offspring with both parents convicted showed the highest absolute risk of suicidal behavior by age 30 (14.3% males, 16.6% females).
- Risk escalated with accumulated family adversities.
- Genetic factors partially explained the observed association.
Conclusions:
- Offspring of parents with violent convictions represent a high-risk group for suicidal behavior.
- Early identification and multiagency coordination are essential.
- Interventions should aim to reduce self-harm and suicide risk in this vulnerable population.
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