Evaluation of bioactive restorative materials on cell viability using direct and extract methods

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Materials
• Cell Biology

Background:

• The clinical success of dental restorative materials relies on their biological response.
• Gingival fibroblasts play a crucial role in the tissue response to dental materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the in vitro effects of four bioactive restorative materials on gingival fibroblast viability.
• To compare the biocompatibility of Glasiosite, BEAUTIFIL-Bulk Restorative, EQUIA Forte™ HT Fil, and Activa BioACTIVE Restorative®.

Main Methods:

• Real-time cell analysis system (xCELLigence) was used to assess gingival fibroblast viability.
• Direct contact and extract methods were employed to test four restorative materials at 24 h and 48 h.
• Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of α = 0.05.

Main Results:

• The control group showed the highest cell viability. Glasiosite exhibited the highest viability among tested materials, whereas BEAUTIFIL-Bulk Restorative showed the lowest (p < 0.05).
• Cell viability was significantly higher with the extract method compared to the direct contact method across all materials (p < 0.05).
• Material type, exposure time, and testing method significantly influenced cell viability.

Conclusions:

• Glasiosite demonstrated superior biocompatibility with gingival fibroblasts compared to the other tested materials.
• BEAUTIFIL-Bulk Restorative exhibited the lowest biocompatibility, suggesting potential for adverse cellular responses.
• The testing method (direct vs. extract) significantly impacts the assessment of material cytotoxicity.