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Holistic Heart Health: A Scoping Review of Nonpharmacological Cardiovascular Interventions for People Living With HIV

Joyal Miranda1,2,3,4, Suzanne Fredericks1,2,3,4, Rafaela Batista Dos Santos Pedrosa1,2,3,4

  • 1Joyal Miranda, RN, MN, PhD, is an Associate Professor at Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC
|April 1, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Nurses can lead non-pharmacological strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people living with HIV (PLWH). Behaviorally focused interventions show promise, but future research needs to address structural barriers for diverse populations.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nursing Research
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • People living with HIV (PLWH) face rising chronic comorbidities like cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to increased longevity.
  • Nurses are pivotal in preventing CVD among PLWH, but non-pharmacological strategies require comprehensive mapping.
  • Existing research has not fully explored nurse-led interventions for CVD risk reduction in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review mapping non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing CVD risk in PLWH.
  • To identify intervention types, delivery methods, and implementation roles for nurses.
  • To highlight gaps and future directions for research and practice.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review guided by the PRISMA-ScR framework.
  • Inclusion of 27 studies focusing on interventions to reduce CVD risk in PLWH.
  • Analysis of intervention content, delivery modes, and reported outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Physical activity, dietary changes, and cardiovascular education were common intervention focuses.
  • Interventions were delivered through in-person, home-based, and digital modalities, often with nurse involvement.
  • Most studies showed improvements in outcomes like blood pressure and lipid profiles, but theoretical application was inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • Nurse-led, behaviorally focused interventions demonstrate potential for reducing CVD risk in PLWH.
  • Participant retention, technology access, and resource limitations pose significant barriers, especially for underserved groups.
  • Future research should prioritize theory-informed, community-engaged, and culturally responsive strategies addressing structural determinants for diverse PLWH populations.

Keywords:
HIVcardiovascular diseaselifestylenon-pharmacological interventionsnurse-led carescoping review

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