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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Ultrafast topological transitions driven by permittivity modulation in non-Hermitian multilayers.

Giuseppina Simone

    Optics Letters
    |April 1, 2026
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    Summary

    Ultrafast modulation of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media dynamically controls non-Hermitian photonics. Temporal reshaping of ENZ-plasmon modes leads to reconfigurable photonic systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical engineering
    • Materials science
    • Quantum optics

    Background:

    • Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media offer unique optical properties.
    • Non-Hermitian photonics allows for tailored light-matter interactions.
    • Dynamic control of photonic systems is crucial for advanced applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate ultrafast modulation of ENZ media for non-Hermitian photonics.
    • To demonstrate temporal reshaping of hybrid ENZ-plasmon modes.
    • To explore the potential of ENZ-assisted temporal modulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing an Indium Tin Oxide/Silicon Dioxide/Silver (ITO/SiO2/Ag) multilayer structure.
    • Employing a time-dependent Drude-Lorentz permittivity model.

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  • Analyzing with rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA).

    • Main Results:

    • Observed pronounced temporal reshaping of hybrid ENZ-plasmon modes.
    • Demonstrated picosecond carrier relaxation inducing spectral gaps and mode hybridization.
    • Showcased reflection-phase singularities traversing the angle-wavelength plane.

    Conclusions:

    • ENZ-assisted temporal modulation provides a compact platform for reconfigurable non-Hermitian photonics.
    • Dynamic control of ENZ media enables novel photonic functionalities.
    • The findings pave the way for advanced optical devices.