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Interfacial Pressure Gradient-Driven Protein Assembly Mediates Stem Cell Adhesion on Wettability-Patterned

Yifei Wang1,2, Qifan Zou3, Haojie Bai2

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Stem cell adhesion on patterned surfaces depends on fluid dynamics. Interfacial pressure gradients on microstructures guide protein distribution, influencing how mesenchymal stem cells attach and organize.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Understanding stem cell adhesion on microstructured surfaces is crucial for tissue engineering.
  • The role of initial fluid dynamics in protein adsorption and cell organization on wettability-patterned surfaces is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between surface topography, wettability, protein adsorption, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion.
  • To elucidate the interfacial mechanisms governing cell behavior on laser-textured Ti6Al4V surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of Ti6Al4V surfaces with microgrooves, microdimples, and porous structures using laser texturing.
  • Characterization of surface physicochemical properties and wettability.
  • Assessment of protein adsorption patterns (fetal bovine serum).
  • Evaluation of MSC adhesion and cytoskeletal organization.
  • Phase-field simulations of droplet dynamics on topology-mimetic models.

Main Results:

  • Laser texturing created time-dependent, anisotropic wettability on Ti6Al4V surfaces.
  • MSC adhesion showed topographical dependency, with cells anchoring at groove-ridge junctions on deep microgrooves.
  • Protein adsorption followed a 'high-seeking, low-avoiding' pattern, concentrating on ridges and planar areas.
  • Interfacial pressure gradients, generated by hydrophilic ridges and grooves, were identified as key drivers of fluid retention and protein patterning.

Conclusions:

  • Surface topography and wettability critically influence protein adsorption and MSC adhesion.
  • Interfacial pressure gradients provide a physical basis for selective fluid retention, directing protein patterning and subsequent cell adhesion.
  • This study offers insights into designing biomaterials for controlled cell organization and tissue regeneration.