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Technology-Based Interventions for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Following Gestational Diabetes: Systematic Review
Claire Eades1, Anh Nguyen-Hoang1, Louise Hoyle1
1Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire, United Kingdom.
Journal of Medical Internet Research
|April 1, 2026
Summary
Technology-based interventions show promise for reducing type 2 diabetes risk in women with prior gestational diabetes. However, low certainty evidence necessitates cautious interpretation and further large-scale trials.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Endocrinology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly increases type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk (8-fold).
- Lifestyle modifications post-GDM are crucial for T2D prevention.
- Technology-based interventions may address postpartum lifestyle change barriers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in preventing T2D onset among women with a history of GDM.
- To assess impacts on anthropometric, glycemic, behavioral, and psychological outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.
- Searched multiple databases (e.g., Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO) up to October 2025.
- Assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence (GRADE).
Main Results:
- 15 studies (1257 participants) were included.
- Technology-based interventions led to significantly greater weight loss (MD -1.01 kg, P=.03).
- No significant differences were observed in BMI, fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, HbA1c, or HOMA-IR; certainty of evidence was very low for all pooled outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Technology-based interventions may support T2D risk reduction post-GDM.
- Substantial heterogeneity, risk of bias, and very low evidence certainty necessitate cautious interpretation.
- Larger trials with longer follow-up are needed for definitive conclusions.
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