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Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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Scalable Zn Single Atom-Gluing Ru for 75-W-Scale Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks.

Zhenying Zheng1, Zhongliang Huang1, Jing Xia2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

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Researchers developed a novel catalyst (Ru@Zn-N-C) for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), significantly boosting performance and cost-effectiveness. This Pt-free catalyst meets key U.S. DOE targets for hydrogen fuel cell technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) offer a low-cost alternative for hydrogen conversion but face challenges in catalyst cost and durability.
  • Developing efficient, stable, and cost-effective catalysts is crucial for AEMFC stack commercialization.
  • Platinum-free catalysts are highly desirable to reduce the overall cost of AEMFC technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable, highly active, and durable platinum-free catalyst for hydrogen oxidation reactions (HOR) in AEMFCs.
  • To investigate the role of zinc single atoms in stabilizing ruthenium nanoparticles and enhancing catalytic activity.
  • To demonstrate the performance of the developed catalyst in single AEMFCs and cost-effective AEMFC stacks.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a zinc single atom-glued ruthenium nanoparticle on a zinc-nitrogen-carbon support (Ru@Zn-N-C).
  • Characterization of the catalyst's structure and composition, focusing on the interaction between Zn single atoms and Ru nanoparticles.
  • Electrochemical testing of the Ru@Zn-N-C catalyst in single AEMFCs and three-cell AEMFC stacks under various conditions.

Main Results:

  • The Ru@Zn-N-C catalyst achieved a peak power density of 2.10 W cm⁻² and an anode specific power of 42 W mg⁻¹ at an ultralow Ru loading (0.05 mg cm⁻²).
  • The fuel cell demonstrated a rated power density of 1.24 W cm⁻² (H₂-air), meeting the 2025 U.S. DOE target, and stable operation at 1 A cm⁻² for over 200 hours.
  • Cost-effective three-cell AEMFC stacks delivered approximately 75 W (H₂-O₂), projecting significantly lower ruthenium utilization for vehicles compared to platinum targets.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Ru@Zn-N-C catalyst offers a promising, cost-effective, and high-performance solution for AEMFC applications.
  • The incorporation of zinc single atoms is key to enhancing hydrogen adsorption and stabilizing the ruthenium nanoparticles.
  • This work significantly advances the potential for commercializing low-cost, high-performance AEMFC stacks for hydrogen energy.