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Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System

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Differing Ambient Particle Composition and Oxidative Toxicity in 12 Cities in Inner Mongolia: Reference for Regional

Mutong Niu¹, Yu Zhang¹, Ying Wang¹

¹Institute of Environment & Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010028, China.

Environmental Science & Technology

|April 1, 2026

Summary

Particulate matter (PM) composition significantly impacts health risks, varying by city and source. A shift towards composition-based air quality standards is crucial for effective pollution control and public health.

Keywords:

industrial emission oxidative potential particulate matter regional air pollution control

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Toxicology
Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

Current air quality standards rely on particulate matter (PM) mass, neglecting source-specific health risks.
Regional variations in PM composition and oxidative potential (OP) are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze PM composition and OP across 12 cities in Inner Mongolia.
To identify key chemical and biological drivers of PM's oxidative potential.
To advocate for a shift from mass-based to composition-based air quality management.

Main Methods:

Collected PM samples using automobile air filters across 12 Inner Mongolia cities.
Analyzed PM composition, focusing on metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Assessed oxidative potential (OP) and identified contributing chemical and fungal factors.

Main Results:

Significant variations in PM composition and mass-normalized OP (7-fold difference) were observed among the 12 cities.
Industrial cities showed high metal enrichment (Cr, Mn, Ce, Nd) linked to steel production and rare earth mining, correlating with high OP.
Manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), rare earth elements, and specific fungi (Didymella, Fusarium) were identified as key drivers of OP.

Conclusions:

PM composition and OP vary considerably across different urban environments in Inner Mongolia.
A composition- and source-oriented risk assessment framework is essential for effective air pollution control.
The developed protocol can guide regional air quality management for improved health outcomes and cost-efficiency.