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Phages communicate across species to shape microbial ecosystems.

Francisca Gallego-Del-Sol1, Daniel Sin2, Cora Chmielowska2

  • 1Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-ISCIII, 46010 Valencia, Spain.

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|April 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bacteriophages use peptide signals for communication, deciding between lysis or lysogeny. This study reveals that these signals can cross-communicate between different phage systems, influencing microbial communities.

Keywords:
Bacillusarbitriumbacteriophagecommunicationcrosstalklysis-lysogeny decisionmicrobial ecologyquorum sensingsocial behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages utilize the arbitrium system for lysis-lysogeny decisions.
  • This system involves arbitrium communication peptides (AimP) binding arbitrium receptors (AimR) to regulate lysogeny.
  • Previously, AimR receptors were thought to be exclusive to their cognate AimP peptides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential cross-communication between different arbitrium systems in bacteriophages.
  • To challenge the assumption of exclusive AimP-AimR interactions.
  • To understand the ecological implications of such cross-communication.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized prototypical arbitrium phages for experiments.
  • Performed structural and biochemical analyses of AimP-AimR interactions.
  • Assessed outcomes in mixed lysogenic cultures and infection contexts.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that AimP peptides can bind and repress non-cognate AimR receptors.
  • Showed that this cross-communication promotes lysogeny and reduces prophage induction.
  • Identified conserved receptor features enabling cross-recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteriophages engage in cross-species communication via peptide signaling.
  • This crosstalk influences phage behavior and reshapes microbial communities.
  • Cross-communication favors lysogeny in mixed infections and impacts ecological dynamics.