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Cascaded Built-In Electric Fields Engineering for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption.

Jiaqi Tao1, Pon Janani Sugumaran2, Yijing Zhao3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered built-in electric fields (BIEF) in hybrid materials enhance electromagnetic wave absorption. Co-directional cascaded BIEF achieved superior performance by strengthening local fields and promoting charge separation for advanced dielectric response.

Keywords:
built‐in electric fieldcore–shell structuredielectric losselectromagnetic wave absorptioninterface polarization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Built-in electric fields (BIEF) at heterointerfaces enhance dielectric response and electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) by creating non-equilibrium energy gradients.
  • The influence of dipole orientation and band-edge connectivity in cascaded BIEF systems on dielectric attenuation requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dipole orientation and band-edge connectivity on dielectric attenuation in cascaded BIEF systems.
  • To develop a cascaded BIEF engineering paradigm for advanced EWA materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of core-shell hybrids (metal@oxide@carbon and metal@multiphase hybridized carbon) using ultrasound-assisted galvanic replacement, metal-organic framework coating, and in situ pyrolysis.
  • Programming radial work function profiles to realize counter- and co-directional cascaded BIEF.
  • Characterization of material properties and EWA performance.

Main Results:

  • Co-directional cascaded BIEF exhibited superposition of local fields, strengthening interfacial coupling and promoting charge separation and relaxation.
  • Carbon shell modification narrowed the bandgap and enriched π electrons, enhancing carrier mobility and conductive loss.
  • The co-directional cascaded BIEF sample achieved excellent reflection loss (-58.81 dB) and wide bandwidth (6.39 GHz), with EWA patch suppressing radiation below 10%.

Conclusions:

  • Cascaded BIEF engineering is a viable paradigm for enhancing EWA materials.
  • Co-directional cascaded BIEF design optimizes dielectric attenuation and conductive loss for superior electromagnetic wave absorption.
  • This approach expands the conceptual framework and application potential of BIEF-driven EWA materials.