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Related Concept Videos

Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
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Membrane Transporters01:31

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
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Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

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The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
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Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

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Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

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Transporting: What Is It and How Do You Do It?

Michael Webster-Clark1,2,3, Alexander Breskin3,4, Emilie D Duchesneau1,3

  • 1Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, US.

Current Epidemiology Reports
|April 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transportability allows using study findings in new populations. This review details methods for applying treatment effect estimates across different groups, enhancing external validity in research.

Keywords:
Breast cancerExternal validityGeneralizabilityOutcome modelingTransportabilityWeighting

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • External validity, encompassing generalizability and transportability, is crucial for applying research findings.
  • Historically, these concepts were discussed qualitatively, lacking formal definitions and analytical methods.
  • Recent advancements aim to formally define and analytically address transportability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of methodological developments in transportability.
  • To offer a tutorial on key steps in the transportability process.
  • To distinguish transportability from generalizability and external validity.

Main Methods:

  • Defining core conditions for transporting treatment effects.
  • Outlining approaches to identify sufficient adjustment sets.
  • Designing estimators for transported treatment effects.
  • Illustrating methods with a case study on breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapies.

Main Results:

  • Formal definitions and analytical methods for transportability have been developed.
  • Case study demonstrates applying transportability methods to real-world data.
  • Distinction between transportability and generalizability is clarified.

Conclusions:

  • Methodological strides have been made in formally defining and analyzing transportability.
  • Analytic methods are now available for estimating transported treatment effects under defined conditions.
  • Transportability is a key component for robust epidemiological inference.