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Association between perinatal growth restriction and subsequent body build in very-low-birth-weight infants

Akinori Shichijo1, Keisuke Nakamura1, Hiroyuki Tomino1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Saga National Hospital, Saga, Japan.

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology : Case Reports and Clinical Investigations : Official Journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology
|April 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Perinatal growth restriction, including small for gestational age (SGA) and extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), significantly impacts body build in very-low-birth-weight infants up to age nine. EUGR is linked to short stature and underweight, while SGA may increase overweight risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Growth and Development
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Perinatal growth restriction affects long-term health outcomes in infants.
  • Understanding the impact of small for gestational age (SGA) and extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) on body composition is crucial for very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the influence of perinatal growth restriction (SGA and/or EUGR) on body build up to nine years of age in VLBWIs.
  • To identify specific growth restriction types associated with different body composition outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 283 VLBWIs categorized into four groups based on SGA and/or EUGR history.
  • Evaluated z-scores for height (zHT) and obesity index (OI), alongside prevalence of short stature, underweight, and overweight from age six to nine years.

Main Results:

  • Body height z-scores increased significantly, while obesity index remained unchanged.
  • Prevalence of underweight and overweight significantly increased, but short stature did not change.
  • Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) was associated with short stature and underweight, irrespective of SGA status.
  • Small for gestational age (SGA) was identified as a potential risk factor for being overweight, whereas EUGR was not.

Conclusions:

  • Perinatal growth restriction, particularly EUGR, significantly influences the body build of VLBWIs up to nine years old.
  • Different types of growth restriction have distinct associations with subsequent body composition and growth patterns.

Keywords:
abnormal body buildchildhoodperinatal growth restrictionvery-low-birth-weight infants

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