Not all babies are the same: an examination of temperament profiles during infancy

Early temperament plays an essential role in shaping children's reactions to their environment and can therefore have important implications for socioemotional and cognitive development throughout childhood. Investigating how different temperament characteristics group together in infancy can identify how distinct temperamental profiles are represented in the general population and potentially offer valuable insights into long-term developmental outcomes. However, few studies have identified temperament profiles in infants. The objective of this study was to identify temperament profiles using the 14 dimensions described in the Rothbart's model of infant temperament in a general population sample of 6-month-old infants. Participants were 433 French-speaking mothers of low-risk socioeconomic background who assessed their child's temperament at 6 months of age using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised short form. Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct temperament profiles among the infants: (1) Moderate Reactivity and Regulation (37.67%); (2) High Positivity-High Regulation (28.64%); (3) High Negativity-Low Regulation (13.60%); and (4) High Positivity and Negativity (20.09%). These profiles offer a more nuanced understanding of early temperament and highlight that complex individual configurations are present at a very young age. Prevention and intervention programs targeting infants and their parents should take these temperament profiles into consideration.