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ADIPOQ Genotypes, Adiponectin Isoforms, and Hypertension Risk in Pediatric Obesity

Huemara Yuri Almeida1, Warlley Rosa Cunha2, Carla Márcia Moreira Lanna3

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.

Archives of Medical Research
|April 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

ADIPOQ gene variants significantly impact high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW APN) levels and hypertension risk in obese children. These findings suggest potential early biomarkers for cardiometabolic risk.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Adiponectin (APN), particularly its high molecular weight (HMW) isoform, plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation and cardiovascular protection.
  • Genetic variations in the ADIPOQ gene, such as rs.266729 and rs.1501299, are implicated in influencing APN levels and are linked to obesity-related hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of ADIPOQ polymorphisms on plasma levels of total APN, HMW APN, and the HMW/APN ratio.
  • To assess the association between these ADIPOQ polymorphisms and hypertension risk in a pediatric population with obesity.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 297 participants aged 5-18 years, including healthy controls, normotensive obese children, and obese children with hypertension.
  • Plasma APN and HMW levels were quantified using ELISA, and genotyping for ADIPOQ variants (rs.266729 and rs.1501299) was performed.
  • Multivariate regression and haplotype analyses were employed to evaluate associations with phenotypic traits and hypertension risk.

Main Results:

  • The CG genotype of rs.266729 was linked to reduced HMW levels and HMW/APN ratio.
  • The GT genotype of rs.1501299 was associated with elevated HMW levels and HMW/APN ratio, and showed a trend towards lower hypertension risk.
  • Specific ADIPOQ haplotypes ('G,G' and 'C,G') demonstrated significant associations with APN/HMW levels and hypertension risk.

Conclusions:

  • ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms and haplotypes significantly influence HMW adiponectin levels in obese children and adolescents.
  • These genetic factors play a role in modulating hypertension risk within this pediatric population.
  • The findings highlight the potential of ADIPOQ variants as early biomarkers for identifying cardiometabolic risk in children with obesity.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADIPOQAdiponectinChildhood obesityGenetic polymorphismsHaplotypes hypertension

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