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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

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Triboelectric interface and droplet behavior regulation toward high-performance liquid-solid nanogenerator.

Yuxuan Jia1, Zhirong Liu2, Yaokun Pang3

  • 1School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|April 2, 2026
PubMed
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This study introduces a high-output liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator (LS-TENG) that significantly boosts water energy harvesting. Surface modification enhances droplet power generation by 30 times, achieving 1.4 mW per droplet.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Harvesting
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Droplet-based nanogenerators offer potential for environmental water energy harvesting.
  • Performance is often limited by low charge generation and transfer efficiency at the liquid-solid interface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-output liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator (LS-TENG) with enhanced performance.
  • To investigate surface modification strategies for optimizing droplet energy harvesting.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a LS-TENG with a surface-functionalized triboelectric layer using nanostructure and fluorine-containing functional groups.
  • Constructed a dual-effect synergistic modification interface.
  • Established a theoretical model for droplet spreading-retraction dynamics.
Keywords:
Droplet contact kineticDroplet energy harvestingLiquid-solid interface modificationLiquid-solid triboelectric nanogeneratorPerformance improvement

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Main Results:

  • Achieved a power output of 1.4 mW per droplet, a 30-fold increase compared to the original device.
  • Demonstrated a liquid-solid energy conversion efficiency of 12%.
  • Revealed the mechanism of droplet contact dynamics regulating triboelectric output.

Conclusions:

  • Surface engineering with nanostructures and fluorine groups effectively enhances droplet power generation.
  • The developed LS-TENG shows potential for powering small electronics.
  • Provides a pathway for developing high-performance droplet energy harvesters.