Perinatal Depression, Maternal Engagement and Child Social-Emotional Development: A Cohort Study
Anna Larsen1, John Kinuthia2,3, Felix Abuna3
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
|April 2, 2026
Summary
Perinatal depression in Kenyan mothers is linked to reduced mother-child engagement, increasing the risk of social-emotional delays in children. Early intervention can support maternal mental health and child development.
Area of Science:
- Maternal and Child Health
- Developmental Psychology
- Global Health
Background:
- Perinatal depression significantly impacts mother-child interactions and child development, yet evidence gaps persist.
- Understanding these influences is crucial for effective maternal and child health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the associations between perinatal depression, mother-child engagement, and child social-emotional development in Kenyan mother-child pairs.
- To identify correlates of low mother-child engagement and social-emotional delay.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study of Kenyan mother-child pairs from pregnancy to early childhood.
- Serial assessments of perinatal depression (CESD-10), mother-child engagement (UNICEF MICS), and child social-emotional delay (ASQ).
Main Results:
- 36.8% of mothers experienced perinatal depression.
- Perinatal depression was associated with lower mother-child engagement (aRR 1.20).
- Low mother-child engagement doubled the risk of child social-emotional delay (aRR 2.22).
Conclusions:
- Perinatal depressive symptoms are linked to decreased mother-child engagement.
- Reduced engagement significantly elevates the risk of social-emotional developmental delays in children.
- Findings highlight the need for integrated perinatal mental health support.
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