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Chronic Oral Inflammation Impairs Female Reproduction in a Murine Model.

P Kles1, S Ameho2, P Wasserzug-Pash2

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.

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|April 2, 2026
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Summary

Chronic oral inflammation from dental implants negatively impacts female fertility and egg quality. This occurs through immune system changes that affect the ovaries, highlighting a link between oral health and reproductive function.

Keywords:
chronic inflammationdental implantsfertilitygametesimmune cellsoocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Immunology
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Chronic inflammation, particularly in the oral cavity, is linked to systemic health issues, including reproductive system function.
  • The precise mechanisms by which oral inflammation affects female fertility and ovarian function remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dental implants, a model for chronic oral inflammation, on female fertility and oocyte quality.
  • To elucidate the immune-mediated pathways connecting oral inflammation to ovarian dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a murine model involving tooth extraction and titanium dental implant placement.
  • Assessed local and systemic immune responses, ovarian immune cell populations, cytokine expression, oxidative damage, folliculogenesis, oocyte quality, and live birth rates.

Main Results:

  • Dental implant placement induced local and systemic inflammatory responses, with elevated cytokines in lymph nodes and spleen.
  • Ovarian cytokine expression and immune cell populations were altered, alongside increased oxidative damage.
  • Implant-associated inflammation led to reduced folliculogenesis, diminished oocyte quality, and decreased live birth rates.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic oral inflammation, modeled by dental implants, adversely affects female fertility and ovarian function in mice.
  • Immune modulation within the ovaries appears to be a key mechanism mediating these effects.
  • Findings suggest a potential link between oral health and reproductive outcomes that warrants further investigation in human clinical settings.