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Neural Stem Cells in Demyelinating Diseases: Interplay Between Lineage Potential and the Microenvironmental
Agustin Jesus Byrne1,2, Matías A Pibuel1,3, Juan M Lázaro-Martínez1,4
1Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Journal of Neurochemistry
|April 2, 2026
Summary
Failure to remyelinate drives neurological decline in demyelinating diseases. Enhancing neural stem cells (NSCs) and their niche is key for effective repair and restoring central nervous system function.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Regenerative Medicine
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Progressive neurological decline in demyelinating disorders is linked to failed remyelination.
- Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer potential for oligodendroglial regeneration, but their maturation is microenvironment-dependent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review experimental models investigating NSC-driven oligodendrogenesis.
- To discuss microenvironmental regulation of regenerative outcomes and emerging therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of diverse experimental models (in vitro, organoid, in vivo) for NSC activation and differentiation.
- Examination of therapeutic strategies including pharmacological, cell-based, and nanotechnology approaches.
Main Results:
- No single model fully replicates chronic human pathology, posing translational challenges.
- Inflammatory signaling, glial reactivity, and extracellular matrix remodeling critically impact remyelination efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Successful remyelination requires coordinated modulation of both progenitor competence and the lesion microenvironment.
- Targeting endogenous NSCs and their niche presents a promising therapeutic avenue for demyelinating diseases.
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