Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

10.2K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
10.2K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

8.3K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
8.3K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

17.6K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
17.6K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

58.4K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
58.4K
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

13.8K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
13.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Collapsing retroviruses for efficient delivery of viro-toxic cargoes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Safety Profiles of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Pooled Analysis of Five Clinical Studies.

Infectious diseases and therapy·2026
Same author

Full-length structure of the anti-viral and pro-tumor DNA deaminase APOBEC3B.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Enhancing Phosphorus Availability Through Bagasse Biochar Addition and Changes in <i>phoD</i> Bacterial Communities of Karst and Non-Karst Forest Soils.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

The burden and unique patterns of extraintestinal manifestations in Chinese inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide multicenter investigation.

Clinical and experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Effect of composite-enzymatically modified Ganoderma lucidum powder on rheological and structural properties of soft wheat flour dough and cookie quality.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
08:50

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

3.0K

HAMMER: hairpin-based APOBEC3A-mediated mRNA editing reporter.

Yanjun Chen1, Christopher D Mullally1, Bojana Stefanovska1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.

Nucleic Acids Research
|April 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed HAMMER, a new assay to measure APOBEC3A RNA editing. This tool quantifies APOBEC3A activity, aiding cancer and virus evolution research.

More Related Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.
07:46

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.

Published on: December 11, 2020

6.6K
RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
09:19

RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

Published on: July 22, 2014

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
08:50

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

3.0K
CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.
07:46

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.

Published on: December 11, 2020

6.6K
RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
09:19

RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

Published on: July 22, 2014

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • APOBEC3A (cytidine deaminase) plays a role in innate immunity.
  • Aberrant APOBEC3A activity leads to mutations in cancer.
  • APOBEC3A-mediated RNA editing's role in virus and cancer evolution is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel assay for quantifying APOBEC3A-mediated RNA editing.
  • To characterize the activity and specificity of APOBEC3A.
  • To provide a tool for inhibitor screening.

Main Methods:

  • Developed HAMMER (hairpin-based APOBEC3A-mediated messenger RNA editing reporter), a luminescence-based assay.
  • Utilized tandem renilla and firefly luciferase reporters separated by an APOBEC3A substrate sequence.
  • Measured APOBEC3A activity by the reduction in firefly to renilla luciferase activity ratio.

Main Results:

  • HAMMER assay demonstrated dose-responsive and catalytic activity-dependent APOBEC3A activity.
  • The assay showed specificity for human APOBEC3A.
  • Inhibition of APOBEC3A led to a dose-responsive recovery of reporter gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • HAMMER is a scalable, user-friendly assay for quantifying cellular APOBEC3A RNA editing.
  • This method facilitates the study of APOBEC3A in RNA editing, virus, and cancer evolution.
  • HAMMER can be used to characterize potential inhibitors of APOBEC3A activity.